In literary theory, it is often conceived that a lyrical character is a literary figure that directly reveals emotions, feelings, and moods in a work. Lyrical characters do not have the appearance, language, actions, etc., specific and detailed like the narrative character. In a lyrical poem, the lyrical character can be the author himself, or the poet can transform into another character to form a lyrical idleness. In the song Exodus, the lyricist is the poet – revolutionary soldier Phan Boi Chau. Therefore. Talking about the beauty of the lyrical character in this poem is also talking about the beauty of the author’s soul

During his life, Phan Boi Chau was very interested in a poem by Vien Mai (China):

Each sanctification of white architecture,

Set up the dark market of literature.

It can be roughly translated as:

Do not forget to write history books every meal,

The most cowardly body of literature.

That also means that Phan Boi Chau does not want to take literature as a reason to live. But due to the requirements of the revolution, for more than half a century of banning pens, he used both Chinese and Nom characters. composed a huge volume of works, including hundreds of poems, essays and dozens of books, in many different genres. In particular, the poem Exodus, leaving is one of the typical works. The beauty of this poem is first of all the beauty of the soul of the lyrical character – the author.

Phan Boi Chau’s poetry reflects the revolutionary life of a scholar at times of optimism and joy, at times of failure and sorrow. Therefore, when analyzing his poetry, it is impossible not to understand carefully the birth circumstances of each work. Speaking in a narrower scope, we can only understand the beauty of the lyrical character in the poem Exodus if we understand carefully the birth circumstances of this poem.

At the end of the 19th century, after the glorious deaths of Cao Thang and Phan Dinh Phung, the Can Vuong movement failed. Although in Yen The forest (belonging to Bac Giang province) there was still the sound of the singing of Hoang Hoa Tham’s insurgent army, but in fact, the enemy had mastered the situation. Gradually, they put the yoke of domination on all three periods. Our country is so dark right now. The story “Binh Tay restores the nation” thought it was just a bunch of numbing memories” (Dang Thai Mai) of the Vietnamese people, but then, thanks to the nation’s strong tradition, thanks to the influence of the “new letter” from the country. In addition…, in the early years of the twentieth century, a whole class of enthusiastic poets awakened with the movements: Reform. Dong Du, Dong Kinh Nghia Thuc, anti-tax in the Middle States. They gathered together to make contact with the anti-French forces in the country. Many schoolboys cut the buns on their heads. determined to break with the bachelor’s way of studying to find a new ideal. Ho escaped from his family and went abroad, went to China, went to Japan…, went to Siam – “all the aspirations of the patriotic intellectual generation were aimed at a great goal: “Restore the country (Dang Thai Mai) . In that context, in 1905, Phan Boi Chau together with Tieu La Nguyen founded Duy Tan Association. Then, according to the policy of the association. Phan Boi Chau bid farewell to his friends and went to China and Japan. enlist the help of these countries for the Vietnamese revolutionary movement.

Before leaving, at the time of parting, Phan Boi Chau composed the song “Exu Duong farewell” (meaning: Departing time to go abroad), in Chinese characters in the form of seven words “Tang Luat”. This poem was quickly popularized and translated into Vietnamese. Ton Quang Phiet’s translation printed in the textbook is quite successful, although there are a few places that have not been completely stripped. original spirit.

The song Exodus and Farewell clearly shows the heroic posture, high determination and new ideas of the lyrical character – revolutionary Phan Boi Chau who first went abroad to find a way to save the country.

At the beginning of the poem, the lyrical character directly expresses an ideal of life, a great aspiration. As a man born into the world, he must be able to do extraordinary things (Strange things), take the initiative to turn the heavens and the earth, and not let the heavens and the earth rotate by themselves (“Let the heavens and the earth rotate by themselves” Star”). This bold idea was once mentioned by the Phan family with an optimistic attitude in the song Playing Spring:

Jiangshan also painted a man’s face,

The times of life must turn to the times.

It is true that being a boy, the desire to do great things, was conceived by Phan Boi Chau from a very early age. Later, he recounted in an autobiographical work: “From the time I was a child reading books, I understood more or less the meaning, still it is not necessary to live according to the usual routines like the people around me” (Phan Boi Chau chronicle). But it was not until the early years of the twentieth century, when the Phan family had the conditions to go abroad to save the country, the desire to be a boy in this person was fully expressed. In fact, since ancient times, chi making boys has been often mentioned in literature. Pham Ngu Lao – a famous general in the Tran Dynasty who fought in the East and defeated the North, still felt that he had not yet paid the “debt” of the man as a boy and felt embarrassed when he heard the victory of Khong Minh Zhuge Liang:

The male reputation is still in debt

Embarrassed to listen to Vu Hao’s story.

(Magic nostalgia)

In the “goodbye home” session with the three troops to the battlefield, the image of the conqueror in Dang Tran Con’s “The Conqueror” seems to be more beautiful and more powerful:

Just make a man with a thousand horse skins

Sowing Thai Son is as light as a rose.

And Nguyen Cong Tru also not only once thought:

Gained fame in heaven and earth

Must have a name with mountains and rivers.

(Go to self-golf exam)

“Chi to be a boy” is a very respectable thought, a spiritual strength that helps many people to create resounding and useful merits for the country and society. For Phan Boi Chau, realizing the masculinity is to actively carry out the cause of saving the country. In the complete birth of the poem as described above, the affirmation of masculinity is even more significant.

In two real sentences, the idea of ​​the lyrical character is more clearly developed: “In the middle of this hundred years, it is necessary to have me, shouldn’t there be anyone in the next thousand years?”. The ancients believed that a human life was 100 years old. Therefore, “between about a hundred years” means an individual’s life in reality. The next thousand years are about history, floating about the future. The first sentence of the real part, the person who translates the word ta into the word me. I can say the open, optimistic, youthful, but lose the dignified solemnity that does not really match the content of the poem: solemn declaration of a reason for life, a position in the life of worthy people. tu mi male. Moreover, the elegantly translated verse is pleasing to the ear, but it loses the author’s solid tone, saying like “pins and nails”. The two lines above seem a bit pretentious at first glance, but are actually an expression of this deep sense of self and positive humanity (“who”, “I”) not only affirming responsibility. For the present, that is, for the destiny of the country Today, ma also affirms the obligation to history to want life. Zooming the mind to a thousand lives after that posture is confirmed even more in two sentences:

The river is dead, living only humiliation

If the sage is absent, it is foolish to read books.

In this person. The fate book is one with the fate of the country, life and death together with the mountains and rivers, honor and shame with the Fatherland. In this person, there does not seem to be any concern about personal relationships, personal relationships. What a majestic epic pose!

In the line, the lyrical character, although talking about himself, is also speaking for the whole person. generation, an entire nation is transforming itself according to a new ideal of national salvation, suitable for the new era. The sage has died, the history has lost its sanctity, and the poet is definitely looking straight ahead to the future. full of optimism. The song ends with two beautiful, romantically inspired tuves.

Wanting to cross the East Sea with the wind,

All the silver waves sent out to sea.

Used to be an eagle taking off to the sea, flying into the times. The image of poetry, if understood correctly in principle, is even more romantic and magnanimous:

The most romantic and the most romantic

(Thousand waves of silver rise together)

The Exodus Note is a poem that represents Phan Boi Chau’s thought and style at the beginning of his revolutionary life, when he went out to save the country along the new revolutionary line that he believed so much in. The poem carries the voice of a man who wears heaven and earth. The beauty of the poem comes from the beauty of the lyrical character with the desire to make a great career, with an eager spirit and “a new premonition” (Nguyen Hue Chi) Therefore, the poem is valuable. strong revolutionary encouragement, encouragement, and propaganda, especially for the patriotic youth generation at the beginning of this century.